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Retinal neovascularization as a result of branch or central retinal vein occlusion.Other causes Less common causes of vitreous hemorrhage make up 6.4–18% of cases, and include: When these pockets develop near the back of the eye, the vitreous can pull away from the retina and possibly tear it.Posterior vitreous detachment accounts for 3.7–11.7% of vitreous hemorrhage cases. Posterior vitreous detachment As one gets older, pockets of fluid can develop in the vitreous. When this occurs, blood from the retinal blood vessels can bleed into the vitreous. Retinal tear accounts for 11.4–44% of vitreous hemorrhage cases. Retinal tear or detachment A tear in the retina can allow fluids from the eye to leak in behind the retina, which causes retinal detachment. Trauma is the leading cause of vitreous hemorrhage in young people, and accounts for 12–18.8% of cases in adults. Trauma Some injuries can cause blood vessels in the back of the eye to bleed. These new blood vessels are weaker and prone to breaking and causing hemorrhage.Diabetic retinopathy accounts for 31.5-54% of all cases of vitreous hemorrhage in adults in the United States. Abnormal blood vessels can form in the back of the eye of a person with diabetes. Vitreous hemorrhage: There are many factors known to cause vitreous hemorrhage.ĭiabetic retinopathy The most common cause found in adults is diabetic retinopathy. Any process that occludes small retinal arterioles will do this: hypertension, diabetes, HIV, severe anemia or thrombocytopenia, hypercoagulable states, connective tissue disorders, viruses, lues, Behçet’s and many others.Ĭircinate Ring: Exudates very frequently arrange themselves in a circular pattern in diabetes, and often there is a cluster of leaking microaneurysms in the middle of such a ring of exudates.
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Cotton wool spots have a myriad of causes. Expect to find cotton wool spots arrayed around the optic disc and along the temporal vascular arcades. Exploded retinal ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm like toothpaste. They are caused by retinal nerve fiber layer microinfarcts. Other causes are retinal vein occlusion, angiomas (Von Hippel-Lindau Disease), other vascular dysplasias, and radiation-induced retinal vasculopathy.Ĭotton Wool Spots: These yellow-white spots are called cotton wool spots. In the United States, their prevalence ranges from 4.6 percent to 7.9 percent in Caucasians. By comparison, choroidal melanoma is rare, manifesting in approximately six in 1 million Caucasian individuals.Ĭhoroidal melanoma: is the most common primary intra-ocular malignant tumor and second most common site of ten malignant melanoma sites in the body.Įxudates: They are the lipid residues of serous leakage from damaged capillaries. However, the presence of larger and more numerous drusen in the macula is a common early sign of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Ĭhoroidal nevi: are benign melanocytic lesions of the posterior uvea. The presence of a few small (“hard”) drusen is normal with advancing age, and most people over 40 have some hard drusen. Horseshoe tears: Also referred as flap or U-shaped tears are full thickness breaks in the neurosensory retina that occur secondary to vitreous traction.īear Tracks: Multiple areas of grouped congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE)ĭrusen: (singular, “druse”) are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material that build up between Bruch’s membraneand the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. Inflammation may also damage the Choroid and Retina Myopia (short-sight) sometimes leads to Chorioretinal Atrophy Infection is the most common cause of Chorioretinal Atrophy This causes them to wither away and stop working. Bone spicule pigments (BSP): are a hallmark of retinitis pigmentosa (RP).Ĭhorioretinal Atrophy: is a condition of the eye where both the choroid and retina are damaged.